Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:21 Issue: 4, 2016 Apr

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Exacerbation of COPD has negative effect on quality of life. Therapeutic effect of nebulized antibiotics in pulmonary infections has been reported previously. Hence, we evaluated the effect of nebulized gentamicin in acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD).
In this clinical trial study, 86 hospitalized patients with AECOPD were divided into two groups for using nebulized gentamicin twice daily (case group) and placebo (control group) for 5 days in addition to standard treatment. On admission and on the 6th day, respiratory rate (RR), white blood cell (WBC), spirometry, and  SPO2 (arterial O2 saturation by pulse oxymetry) were measured in groups. The severity of dyspnea was evaluated by the Medical Research Council scale.
In both groups, changes of SpO2, RR, forced an expiratory volume of first second (FEV1), and forced vital capacity (FVC) were significant during the times of intervention (P  0.05).
Treatment with Nebulized Gentamicin in AECOPD exacerbation resulted in further improvement of FVC and FEV1 on the 6th day.

Obesity is a worldwide health problem which is associated with a lot of complications. One of these comorbidities is the metabolic syndrome that is in correlation with abdominal fat thickness and waist circumference. Various methods were used to reduce abdominal fat thickness such as liposuction. A noninvasive method is the topical agent. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of Arnebia euchroma (AE) ointment on the abdominal fat thickness.
This study was a double-blind clinical trial which was done at the endocrinology clinic in Khorshid Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, in 2014. After explaining the procedure and obtaining informed consent, the candidates were randomly divided into the case and control groups. The participants of the case and control groups applied AE ointment or placebo for 6 weeks on their abdominal area. Body mass index, waist and buttock circumference, and abdominal fat thickness were measured in both case and control groups at their first visit and then at the next 2,4, and 6 weeks. We used t-test for comparing parametric variables between groups, paired t-test for changes from baseline to final,and repeated measure ANOVA for changes at different steps.
Sixty female candidates participated in this study (thirty in each group). Ten patients left the study and fi fty participants fi nished the trial. At the end of the study, participants had a significant weight loss (2.96 ± 1.6 kg, P Topical AE ointment can reduce the abdominal fat thickness as well as the waist circumference without causing any side effect.

Obesity is a worldwide health problem which is associated with a lot of complications. One of these comorbidities is the metabolic syndrome that is in correlation with abdominal fat thickness and waist circumference. Various methods were used to reduce abdominal fat thickness such as liposuction. A noninvasive method is the topical agent. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of Arnebia euchroma (AE) ointment on the abdominal fat thickness.
This study was a double-blind clinical trial which was done at the endocrinology clinic in Khorshid Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, in 2014. After explaining the procedure and obtaining informed consent, the candidates were randomly divided into the case and control groups. The participants of the case and control groups applied AE ointment or placebo for 6 weeks on their abdominal area. Body mass index, waist and buttock circumference, and abdominal fat thickness were measured in both case and control groups at their first visit and then at the next 2,4, and 6 weeks. We used t-test for comparing parametric variables between groups, paired t-test for changes from baseline to final,and repeated measure ANOVA for changes at different steps.
Sixty female candidates participated in this study (thirty in each group). Ten patients left the study and fi fty participants fi nished the trial. At the end of the study, participants had a significant weight loss (2.96 ± 1.6 kg, P Topical AE ointment can reduce the abdominal fat thickness as well as the waist circumference without causing any side effect.

We studied the role of maternal folic acid supplementation in modifying the effects of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T and A1298C) gene polymorphisms in Iranian children with oral clefts.
Forty‑seven newborn infants with orofacial cleft and their mothers were selected randomly. Mothers were matched regarding dietary folate intake. The genotyping on venous blood was carried out. Consistency between maternal and child genotypes was analyzed.
Genotype consistency was not statistically significant in both C677T and A1298C gene variants (P > 0.05).
Maternal folic acid consumption may not have any significant effect on modifying C677T and A1298C polymorphisms in children.

Although several observational and experimental studies have examined the effects of low carbohydrate diets (LCDs) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), there are considerable inconsistencies among studies. We summarized the effect of LCDs on liver function tests, including intrahepatic lipid content (IHLC), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferases (AST), and  gamma‑glutamyl transferase (GGT) in patients with NAFLD.
PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant publications until July 2014, resulting in ten relevant papers that were included in meta‑analysis. Related articles were found by searching Medical Subject Heading terms of “NAFLD” in combination with “low carbohydrate.” For this meta‑analysis, we used mean differences and standard errors of liver function biomarkers. Summary effect and corresponding confidence interval (CI) were estimated using random effect models. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Cochran’s Q‑ and I‑squared tests.
Our search led to ten eligible papers that evaluated serum ALT levels (n = 238), nine reported serum AST levels (n = 216), five reported serum GGT concentrations (n = 91), and four assessed IHLC (n = 50). LCD decreased IHLC by −11.53% (95% CI: −18.10, −4.96; I2 = 83.2%). However, the effect of LCD on liver enzymes was not significant. Mean differences for the effects of LCDs on ALT, AST, and GGT were −4.35 IU/L (95% CI: −12.91, 4.20; I2 = 87.9%), −1.44 IU/L (95% CI: −4.98, 2.10; I2 = 61.4%), and −7.85 IU/L (95% CI: −29.65, 13.96; I2 = 99.4%), respectively.
LCD consumption in subjects with NAFLD led to a significant reduction in IHLC, but did not significantly affect the concentration of liver enzymes.

Bilobed testicle is a very rare congenital malformation with an unknown etiology. Herein, we report an 18‑year‑old boy presented with a right‑bilobed testicle mimicking a testicular tumor. The present case highlights the importance of considering bilobed testicle as a valuable differential diagnosis of testicular mass to prevent unnecessary surgery. Furthermore, the case could provide more information about presentation and management of bilobed testicle.